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What is SIGINT and How is it Used
Intelligence-driven resolution-making is at the coronary heart of every day operations and strategic planning for contemporary militaries and intelligence companies, and Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) is a big part of what makes it possible. At present we’ll focus on how SIGINT works and why it is so vital, particularly as it applies to Digital Warfare applications.
SIGINT Explained
SIGINT is the interception of signals for the aim of gathering intelligence. It is divided into three sub-disciplines:
Communications Intelligence (COMINT) which is the interception of communication between people and groups
Digital Intelligence (ELINT) which is the intercepting of electronic signals which aren't specifically used for communication
International Instrumentation Signals Intelligence (FISINT), which is the gathering of signals created by the testing and use of foreign weapons systems. (Source)
The origins of SIGINT can be traced back to the first world war when British forces began intercepting German radio communications to gain intelligence about their plans. This led to using cryptography to hide the content of radio transmissions, and as such, cryptanalysis turned an integral part of SIGINT as well.
As technology has advanced, so has the field of SIGINT. At the moment, the US military gathers signals intelligence via unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) like the Global Hawk and Reaper drones, which are outfitted with powerful infrared sensors and cameras, as well as Light and Imaging Detection (LIDAR) and synthetic aperture RADAR systems to gather and transmit back valuable raw intelligence from the operational surroundings for analysis.
One downside of UAVs is that they fly slower and at decrease altitudes than manned aircraft, leaving them more vulnerable to anti-plane measures. One resolution is the EA-18G Growler. This plane is an updated model of the F/A-18F Super Hornet, which has been repurposed from a pure combat aircraft to an advanced, supersonic ISR platform. It might probably fly much faster and higher than a drone and is provided with sensors that may detect enemy RADAR and even cell phone signals.
One other more down-to-earth instance of contemporary SIGINT capabilities could be interception of digital communications data by the NSA, which can provide actionable intelligence in real-time by capturing data like emails, texts, phone calls and more.
When raw SIGINT is captured, it should then be translated, interpreted or represented, because the case may be, into information which can then be analyzed and used for determination-making.
As with SIGINT, EW can be divided into three sub-disciplines. These embrace:
Digital Attack (EA), which includes offensive use of directed energy towards the enemy
Digital Protection (EP), which is defensive, like the Digital Warfare Self-Protection (EWSP) suite constructed into fighter jets
Electronic Warfare Support (ES), the apply of locating and identifying the sources of electromagnetic energy signals for the purpose of supporting decision-making
It's in this third category of ES that we see the overlap of electronic warfare and SIGINT because the systems and equipment used for ES can concurrently gather intelligence. While ES is more centered on quick threats within the operational environment, a lot of the data obtained can be utilized to enhance raw signals intelligence and SIGINT determination-making.
ES can detect the supply of an electromagnetic signal, the type of equipment producing that signal, and related data like frequency, modulation, etc. For instance, ES personnel can detect an unknown radar signal emanating from someplace in the battlespace. They will analyze the signal and determine the type of radar that's getting used, and compare their findings with nations known to make use of this type of radar, and what vehicles, ships, plane, etc. it is typically used with. They will then verify the character of the radar supply, and make intelligent predictions on what the unknown actor’s intentions are.
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